Mobile communications network, communications device and methods with nested carrier aggregation

ABSTRACT

A communications device can transmit and receive data via a wireless access interface provided by a mobile communications network including an infrastructure equipment for transmitting signals to or receiving signals from the communications device. The wireless access interface provides a primary carrier within a first frequency range, which forms a primary cell providing a contiguous set of communications resources across the first frequency range and providing one or more control channels for transmitting signaling message to the communications device or receiving signaling messages from the infrastructure equipment. A controller in combination with a receiver and transmitter can receive from the infrastructure equipment a signaling message identifying a nested carrier including one or more candidate channels selected from a predefined plurality of candidate channels within a second frequency range which is different to and mutually exclusive from the first frequency range.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This present application is a Continuation Application of U.S.application Ser. No. 15/108,699, filed Jun. 28, 2016, which was theNational stage of International Application Number PCT/EP2014/078295,filed Dec. 17, 2014, which claimed priority to EP Application Number14151347.3, filed on Jan. 15, 2014, the entire contents of each of whichare hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

The present disclosure relates to mobile communications networks andmethods for communicating data using mobile communications networks,infrastructure equipment for mobile communications networks,communications devices for communicating data via mobile communicationsnetworks and methods of communicating via mobile communicationsnetworks.

BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE

Radio frequency spectrum, which has been licensed to an operator grantsexclusive use to the operator to deploy a mobile communications network(e.g. GSM, WCDMA/HSPA, LTE/LTE-A) using that licensed spectrum. As aresult, the operator has exclusive control of the radio resourcesprovided by the licensed spectrum. Since the first generation ofcellular network deployments decades ago, licensed spectrum hastraditionally been assigned to operators either via government-organisedauctions, or so-called “beauty contests”.

Unlicensed spectrum is used by a number of technologies including Wi-Fiand Bluetooth. In contrast to licensed spectrum use, unlicensed spectrumcan be shared and used among different technologies, which are notfollowing any co-ordinated/centralised protection against interference.As a result performance of technologies in unlicensed spectrum issubject to unpredictable interference and therefore operation inunlicensed bands can be difficult.

A licensed cellular network technology like LTE would require newmechanisms that would allow it to co-exist with other radio accesstechnologies and share unlicensed spectrum bands. Examples of suchmechanisms are spread spectrum, frequency hopping, dynamic frequencyselection, listen before talk and collision avoidance.

Deploying a mobile communications network in an unlicensed spectrum,which has been configured to operate in a licensed spectrum andtherefore has previously been expected to have exclusive use of acontiguous set of communications resources represents a technicalchallenge.

SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE

According to a first aspect there is provided a communications devicefor transmitting data to or receiving data from a mobile communicationsnetwork. The mobile communications network includes an infrastructureequipment, the infrastructure equipment provides a wireless accessinterface for transmitting signals to or receiving signals from thecommunications device. The communications device comprises a transmitterconfigured to transmit the signals to the infrastructure equipment viathe wireless access interface, a receiver configured to receive thesignals from the infrastructure equipment via the wireless accessinterface, and a controller for controlling the transmitter and thereceiver to receive data transmitted to the communications device fromthe infrastructure equipment via the wireless access interface. Thewireless access interface provides a primary carrier within a firstfrequency range, which forms a primary cell providing a contiguous setof communications resources across the first frequency range andproviding one or more control channels for transmitting signalingmessage to the communications device or receiving signaling messagesfrom the infrastructure equipment. The first frequency range for exampleis a licensed frequency band, providing contiguous communicationsresources for which the mobile communications network has exclusiveaccess. The controller is configured in combination with the receiverand transmitter to receive from the infrastructure equipment a signalingmessage identifying a nested carrier comprising one or more candidatechannels selected from a predefined plurality of candidate channelswithin a second frequency range which is different to and mutuallyexclusive from the first frequency range. For example the secondfrequency range may be an unlicensed frequency band. Each of the one ormore selected candidate channels, represents a minimum unit ofcommunications resource which can be used to transmit data via theup-link or to receive data on the downlink. The one or more selectedcandidate channels in the second frequency range is formed by theinfrastructure equipment into the nested carrier for providing asecondary cell. The signaling message being transmitted from theinfrastructure equipment via the control channel of the first frequencyrange, and the controller is configured to control the receiver toreceive from the infrastructure equipment at least a part of the data orthe controller is configured to control the transmitter to transmit tothe infrastructure equipment at least a part of the data within thenested carrier.

Interference variations in time and frequency across an unlicensed orshared bandwidth are unknown and unpredictable. The interfering systemcould be LTE-A, or any existing unlicensed wireless system such as WiFi,or any combination of similar wireless systems. Fundamentally, aninfrastructure equipment is trying to access uncontrolled resourceswhereas a conventional mobile communications network, such as LTEnormally works in controlled frequency resources and therefore haveexclusive use of those resources. Nevertheless, it is desirable a mobilecommunications network which uses an unlicensed spectrum, such as, forexample the LTE-U band, be arranged to as far as possible providecommunications resources from the unlicensed band as if operating in thelicensed band.

At present, however, no defined mechanisms exist for a mobilecommunications network either to obtain information about the channelquality of an unlicensed or shared band, nor for the network toconfigure a UE to make efficient and flexible use of the additionalresources from an unlicensed frequency band. This invention discloses amethod for creating both capabilities.

Embodiments of the present technique can provide an arrangement in whicha mobile communications network is configured to identify candidateresources, referred to as candidate channels, which can be combined intoan aggregated or nested resource or carrier for allocation tocommunications devices as if those communications resources on theunlicensed frequency band were allocated from a licensed frequency band.In some example the candidate channels are identified from anon-contiguous set of frequency resources.

According to some embodiments the second frequency band which may be anunlicensed frequency band is divided in accordance with a pre-specifiedarrangement into a plurality of candidate channels. Thus the candidatechannels in the second frequency band are predetermined, but not allwill be available because other interfering signals may be transmittedby other communications systems in the second frequency band because thesecond frequency band may for example be unlicensed. An infrastructureequipment is arranged to compare an interference pattern of signalswithin the second frequency band with the pre-specified plurality ofcandidate channels and to select from the plurality of candidatechannels the one or more candidate channels which form the nestedcarrier.

Various further aspects and features of the present disclosure aredefined in the appended claims and include a communications device, amethod of receiving data using a communications device, a mobilecommunications network, an infrastructure equipment and a method oftransmitting data from a mobile communications network.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

Embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described by way ofexample only with reference to the accompanying drawings wherein likeparts are provided with corresponding reference numerals and in which:

FIG. 1 provides a schematic diagram illustrating an example of aconventional mobile telecommunication network;

FIG. 2 provides a schematic diagram illustrating a conventional LTEradio frame;

FIG. 3 provides a schematic diagram illustrating an example of aconventional LTE downlink radio sub-frame;

FIG. 4 provides a schematic diagram illustrating an example of an LTEup-link radio frame and sub-frame;

FIG. 5 provides a schematic block of a base station (or eNodeB)operating to provide a wireless access interface, which includes a firstlicensed frequency band and a second unlicensed frequency band;

FIG. 6 provides a schematic illustration of a deployment of a wirelessaccess interface, which includes a first licensed frequency band and asecond unlicensed frequency band;

FIG. 7 is a schematic block diagram of an example base station (eNodeB)and communications device (UE);

FIG. 8a is a schematic illustration of communications devices operatingin accordance with the present technique to determine interferingsignals present in an unlicensed frequency band; FIG. 8b is a schematicillustration of communications devices operating to report interferencemeasurements of interfering signals present in an unlicensed frequencyband; FIG. 8c is a schematic illustration of a base station (eNodeB)transmitting signalling messages informing the communications devices ofthe one or more candidate channels which make up a nested carrier toform a secondary cell in the unlicensed frequency band; and FIG. 8d is aschematic illustration of a communications device transmitting andreceiving signals to and from the base station using the unlicensedfrequency band;

FIG. 9 is a schematic illustration of a deployment of candidate channelswithin an unlicensed frequency band, which are aggregated into a nestedcarrier;

FIG. 10 is a schematic illustration of example deployments of a nestedcarrier which, includes possible down-link control channels within anunlicensed frequency band;

FIG. 11 is a schematic illustration of an example deployment of nestedcarriers providing secondary cells with different sets of one or morecandidate channels for different communications devices, the so-formedsecondary cells combined with a primary cell in a licensed frequencyband; and

FIG. 12 is a schematic illustration of a deployment of different sets ofone or more candidate channels forming a nested carrier for differentparts of a physical cell according to an example embodiment of thepresent technique.

DESCRIPTION OF EXAMPLE EMBODIMENTS Example of an LTE System

FIG. 1 provides a schematic diagram illustrating some basicfunctionality of a conventional mobile telecommunications network, usingfor example a 3GPP defined UMTS and/or Long Term Evolution (LTE)architecture.

The network includes a plurality of base stations 101 connected to acore network 102. Each base station provides a coverage area 103 (i.e. acell) within which data can be communicated to and from communicationsdevices (also referred to as mobile terminals, MT or User equipment, UE)104. Data is transmitted from base stations 101 to communicationsdevices 104 within their respective coverage areas 103 via a radiodownlink. Data is transmitted from communications devices 104 to thebase stations 101 via a radio uplink. The core network 102 routes datato and from the terminal devices 104 via the respective base stations101 and provides functions such as authentication, mobility management,charging and so on.

Mobile communications systems such as those arranged in accordance withthe 3GPP defined Long Term Evolution (LTE) architecture use anorthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM) based interface for theradio downlink (so-called OFDMA) and the radio uplink (so-calledSC-FDMA).

FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram illustrating an OFDM based LTE downlinkradio frame 201. The LTE downlink radio frame is transmitted from an LTEbase station (known as an enhanced Node B (eNB)) and lasts 10 ms. Thedownlink radio frame comprises ten sub-frames, each sub-frame lasting 1ms. A primary synchronisation signal (PSS) and a secondarysynchronisation signal (SSS) are transmitted in the first and sixthsub-frames of the LTE radio frame, in frequency division duplex (FDD). Aphysical broadcast channel (PBCH) is transmitted in the first sub-frameof the LTE radio frame. The PSS, SSS and PBCH are discussed in moredetail below.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a grid which illustrates the structureof an example conventional downlink LTE sub-frame. The sub-framecomprises a predetermined number of “symbols”, which are eachtransmitted over a respective 1/14 ms period. Each symbol comprises apredetermined number of orthogonal sub-carriers distributed across thebandwidth of the downlink radio carrier. Here, the horizontal axisrepresents time while the vertical represents frequency.

The example sub-frame shown in FIG. 3 comprises 14 symbols and 1200sub-carriers spread across a 20 MHz bandwidth, R₃₂₀. The smallestallocation of user data for transmission in LTE is a “physical resourceblock” also termed a “resource block” comprising twelve sub-carrierstransmitted over one slot (0.5 sub-frame). Each individual box in thesub-frame grid in FIG. 3 corresponds to twelve sub-carriers transmittedon one symbol.

FIG. 3 shows in hatching resource allocations for four LTE terminals340, 341, 342, 343. For example, the resource allocation 342 for a firstLTE terminal (UE 1) extends over five blocks of twelve sub-carriers(i.e. 60 sub-carriers), the resource allocation 343 for a second LTEterminal (UE2) extends over six blocks of twelve sub-carriers and so on.

Control channel data is transmitted in a control region 300 (indicatedby dotted-shading in FIG. 3) of the sub-frame comprising the first nsymbols of the sub-frame where n can vary between one and three symbolsfor channel bandwidths of 3 MHz or greater and where n can vary betweentwo and four symbols for channel bandwidths of 1.4 MHz. For the sake ofproviding a concrete example, the following description relates to hostcarriers with a channel bandwidth of 3 MHz or greater so the maximumvalue of n will be 3. The data transmitted in the control region 300includes data transmitted on the physical downlink control channel(PDCCH), the physical control format indicator channel (PCFICH) and thephysical HARQ indicator channel (PHICH).

PDCCH contains control data indicating which sub-carriers on whichsymbols of the sub-frame have been allocated to specific LTE terminals.Thus, the PDCCH data transmitted in the control region 300 of thesub-frame shown in FIG. 3 would indicate that UE1 has been allocated theblock of resources identified by reference numeral 342, that UE2 hasbeen allocated the block of resources identified by reference numeral343, and so on.

PCFICH contains control data indicating the size of the control region(typically between one and three symbols, but four symbols beingcontemplated to support 1.4 MHz channel bandwidth).

PHICH contains HARQ (Hybrid Automatic Request) data indicating whetheror not previously transmitted uplink data has been successfully receivedby the network.

Symbols in the central band 310 of the time-frequency resource grid areused for the transmission of information including the primarysynchronisation signal (PSS), the secondary synchronisation signal (SSS)and the physical broadcast channel (PBCH). This central band 310 istypically 72 sub-carriers wide (corresponding to a transmissionbandwidth of 1.08 MHz). The PSS and SSS are synchronisation signals thatonce detected allow an LTE terminal device to achieve framesynchronisation and determine the cell identity of the eNodeB 101transmitting the downlink signal. The PBCH carries information about thecell, comprising a master information block (MIB) that includesparameters that LTE terminals use to properly access the cell. Datatransmitted to individual LTE terminals on the physical downlink sharedchannel (PDSCH) can be transmitted in other resource elements of thesub-frame. Further explanation of these channels is provided below.

FIG. 3 also shows a region of PDSCH 344 containing system informationand extending over a bandwidth of R₃₄₄. A conventional LTE frame willalso include reference signals which are discussed further below but notshown in FIG. 3 in the interests of clarity.

The number of sub-carriers in an LTE channel can vary depending on theconfiguration of the transmission network. Typically this variation isfrom 72 sub carriers contained within a 1.4 MHz channel bandwidth to1200 sub-carriers contained within a 20 MHz channel bandwidth (asschematically shown in FIG. 3). As is known in the art, data transmittedon the PDCCH, PCFICH and PHICH is typically distributed on thesub-carriers across the entire bandwidth of the sub-frame to provide forfrequency diversity. Therefore a conventional LTE communications devicemust be able to receive the entire channel bandwidth in order to receiveand decode the control region.

As shown in FIG. 4, a representation is provided of an up-link of an LTEcommunications system. As shown in FIG. 4, the up-link frequency band ofan FDD LTE deployment comprises ten sub-frames within each frame 401.Within each of the subframes there is provided a frequency resource atthe top and bottom of the frequency band 402, 404 which is devoted to anuplink control channel, which is the physical uplink control channel(PUCCH). Within a centre portion of the frequency band there is providedcommunications resources for allocation to communications devices totransmit signals to the eNodeB 101 on the uplink, which is referred toas the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) 406. As shown in FIG. 4,each of the sub frames 400 is divided into two time slots 410, 412.Within each time slot the frequency resources are grouped into sets of12 subcarriers so that on the Y axis the elements 414 represent OFDMsubcarriers and along the X axis OFDM symbols. The timeslots areprovided in order to provide some frequency diversity for thetransmission for example of the PUCCH between different subcarriers ateither end of the frequency band, between different ones of thetimeslots 410, 412. Some of the symbols shown in FIG. 4 will be used forreference symbols and other symbols will be used for carrying datasymbols in accordance with the LTE standard.

Utilising an Un-Licensed Frequency Band

Embodiments of the present technique can provide an arrangement in whicha base station determines an interference pattern within an unlicensedfrequency band and based on the determined interference identifieswhether or not one or more candidate resources or carriers can bedeployed within that unlicensed frequency band. A candidate channelrepresents a minimum unit of communications resource which can be usedto transmit data via the up-link or to receive data on the downlink inaccordance with a configuration of a wireless communications interfacewhich is specified for a communications system for which the basestation has primarily been deployed. The minimum resource allocationcould be a segment of communications resource such as one sub-carrier ormay be at least one physical resource block (PRB) or twelvesub-carriers. For the example of LTE, there is a base station operatingin accordance with LTE as an eNodeB 101 as shown in FIG. 1 using thefrequency resources of an LTE-A frequency band. Thus the uplink and thedownlink can be deployed in accordance with the LTE Standard asexplained with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4. The definition of candidatechannels is discussed further below, but in typical examples they aredefined by amended 3GPP system specifications to give a lower and anupper frequency for each candidate channel, or similar configuration istransmitted to terminals by the network. The base station obtains fromterminals or performs measurements and assessments of an unlicensedfrequency band such as the LTE-U band and determines if it can form someof the candidate channels within the LTE-U band into a nested carrierwithin the communications resources which are available within the LTE-Uband. Depending upon the interference pattern which is present withinthe LTE-U band, the eNodeB may form a nested carrier comprising anon-continuous set of communications resources in which a candidatechannel may be separated from another candidate channel by a section offrequency in which unsuitable interference signals are present and sothe section of frequency cannot be used by the eNodeB.

A diagram presenting an arrangement in which the present technique findsapplication is shown in FIG. 5.

As shown in FIG. 5, an example of a base station 101 which is an eNodeBis transmitting and receiving signals to and from a user equipment, UE504. The eNodeB 501 is transmitting data to the user equipment 504 onthe downlink within the LTE-A band and receiving data on the uplink fromthe user equipment 501 transmitted within the uplink of the LTE-A band.This arrangement is presented graphically in FIG. 6 where the LTE-A bandis shown for an example deployment. Therefore the communication ofsignals with the UE 501 within the LTE-A band is in accordance with aconventional deployment as described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4 andtherefore in the following description forms a “primary cell” forcommunication with the user equipment shown in FIG. 5.

Also shown in FIG. 5 is a plurality of access points 508 which mayoperate in accordance with a Wi-Fi standard or any other wirelesstechnology standard suitable for operation in the unlicensed band totransmit and receive data in accordance with that standard. Thetransmission of signals may be for example within the LTE-U band, whichis unlicensed. However, the wireless access points 508 may not transmitsignals in all of the unlicensed band so that some communicationsresources may be available for transmission in accordance with the LTEStandard. Accordingly, the eNodeB 501 determines the interference causedby the wireless access points 508 and identifies communicationsresources within the unlicensed frequency (U) band, which cannot be usedand correspondingly those communications resources, which can be used.This arrangement is shown in FIG. 6 where the hashed area representscommunications resources where interference is present whereas theremaining communications resource, which is not hashed is suitable foruse by the eNodeB to transmit or receive signals to the user equipmentusing the LTE Standard. As will be explained shortly the eNodeBdetermines which candidate channels with the U-frequency band haveinterference characteristics such that they are suitable for forminginto a nested carrier. As an exaggerated illustration, in FIG. 6 theLTE-U band can be divided into five candidate channels 601, 602, 603,604, 605. However the bottom portion of the frequency band 610 hasunsuitable interference characteristics according to measurementsreceived from the UE, e.g. too high power of interfering signals for acandidate channel to be deployed, and accordingly candidate channels inthis resource are not used. The eNodeB 501 determines that fivecandidate channels are suitable within the LTE-U band.

According to the present technique, a user equipment which is configuredto use carrier aggregation techniques can be arranged under the controlof an eNodeB 501 to transmit or receiver via a primary part of thewireless access interface (primary cell) and then receive additionalcommunications resources via either the up-link or the down-link usingthe LTE-U band. A UE, which is configured according to this arrangement,will be referred to as a ‘U-UE’, because it is provided with anadditional aggregated carrier from LTE-U resources (henceforth the‘U-resources’). Accordingly the LTE-A carrier provides primary cell andthe LTE-U resources provide a secondary cell. Typically, the LTE-Acarrier and the LTE-U transmission, and thus Primary cell and Secondarycell, will both be from the same eNodeB, although in other examples theycan be provided from separate eNodeBs 501. The LTE-U carrier could ingeneral be utilised with TDD or FDD frame structures.

One example LTE-U scenario is where the U-resources span a totalbandwidth which is only moderately larger than the LTE-A systembandwidth, e.g. a U-bandwidth of 30 MHz. In this scenario, the resourcescould be heavily occupied.

Candidate Channels

Due to the nature of the un-licensed spectrum, a constraint of LTE-Uoperation is that the channel quality of the U-resources can varysignificantly over frequency and time in a way that an eNodeB cannotcontrol. Therefore, in one example CQI feedback is provided from a U-UEregarding the current state of the U-resources. As explained above, theeNodeB determines a number of candidate channels across the U-resources.Alternatively, the communications system may be pre-configured whendeployed to identify a number of candidate channels across theU-resources. A single candidate channel is a contiguous RF and basebandradio resource, which the eNodeB considers for communication use to theU-UE in the U-resources. The U-UE is configured by the eNodeB 501 on aPrimary cell to provide measurement feedback for some or all of thedefined candidate channels. The bandwidth of each candidate channelaffects a trade-off between granularity of feedback and the overhead ofmeasurement and feedback. Therefore, according to one example of thepresent technique each candidate channel is of a baseband bandwidthsuitable for use as a normal LTE carrier and therefore can also betermed “candidate carrier”, and the atomic candidate carrier unit is thesmallest supported LTE system bandwidth, i.e. 6 PRBs. Therefore thecandidate channel is in one example a minimum quantity of communicationsresources which could be used to form a deployment of a wirelesscommunications interface on the Primary cell. However, other bandwidthsare also suitable for candidate channels. For example, a candidatechannel could be the width of one PRB, allowing a finer-grained formingof nested carriers. For example, a candidate channel could be thebandwidth of one OFDM subcarrier—the minimum unit of resource that a UEor U-UE can processes transmission or reception of LTE signals on. Thebandwidth of an OFDM subcarrier is pre-defined for the operation of thetransmitter or the receiver.

The candidate channels can be pre-defined and therefore pre-configuredaccording to a system specification, where a straightforward approach isto define them as non-overlapping and adjacent portions of the LTE-Uresources. This then requires no configuration signalling from theeNodeB. An alternative is that the eNodeB can define candidate channelsvia a Primary cell using radio resource control (RRC) signalling. Ineither case, it is envisaged that a coherent solution, given the abovedefinition and purpose of a candidate channel, is that all candidatechannels are the same bandwidth. However in general this may not beapplicable in all cases, so that candidate channels may have differentbandwidths within the U-resources.

Measurement feedback information from UEs 504 to the eNodeB 501 caninclude measurements defined on other radio access technologies if theUE is able to obtain them. An example illustration is provided in FIGS.7 and 8.

As shown in FIG. 7, the eNodeB 501 is shown in accordance with asimplified representation to include a transmitter 701, a receiver 702and a controller 704. The transmitter 701 and receiver 702 areconfigured to operate in accordance with the LTE Standard to transmitand receive signals via a wireless access interface. The controller 704is representative of a scheduler or other controller which controls theuse of communications resources to form the wireless access interface inaccordance with the LTE Standard. However as will be explained shortlythe controller 704 may also determine from measurements received fromthe UE 504 the interference present within the LTE-U band, identifiescandidates carriers, forms the candidate channels into a nested carrierand transmits signalling messages in accordance with a radio resourcecontrol layer (RRC) to the UE 504 so that the UE 504 can transmit orreceive signals via the LTE-U band. Correspondingly, therefore the UE504 includes a transmitter 710, a receiver 712 and a controller 714.

In accordance with the present technique the UE first detectsinterference signals caused for example by the wireless access points508 shown in FIG. 5. This is represented in FIG. 8a . In FIG. 8a arrows801 represent signals detected by the UE 504 transmitted by the wirelessaccess points 508. A measurement report depending on for example thesignal strength of the interfering signals and the frequency and/or thetime of those interfering signals is then transmitted by the UEs 504 tothe eNodeB 501 as represented by arrows 820 shown in FIG. 8 b.

The eNodeB 501 then determines the candidate channels suitable forforming into a nested carrier within the LTE-U band based on themeasurements received from the UEs 504. The eNodeB 501 then transmitssignalling messages represented by arrows 822 to the UEs 504. Forexample the signalling messages may be transmitted as part of the RRCset up protocol of the LTE Standard. However, the signalling messages820 are transmitted via the LTE-A band that is the primary cell formedby the eNodeB 501. Finally FIG. 8d , the eNodeB 501 can transmit and/orreceive data in the LTE-U band to or from a user equipment 504, via awireless access interface as would be the case for the LTE-A band. Aswill be explained in the following examples, in some examples the LTE-Uband is only used for transmitting or receiving signals representingdata whereas control or signalling messages are sent by the LTE-A orprimary cell.

Formation of a Nested Carrier

In accordance with the present technique the eNodeB 501 configurescandidate channels into nested carrier(s).

For the example of LTE systems, it is known for LTE systems afterrelease-10 to aggregate multiple ‘component carriers’. CarrierAggregation is described in further detail in 3GPP specifications TS36.211, 36.212, 36.213, 36.321, 36.331. Principal motivations for thisinclude increased peak data rate requirements in Rel-10 demandingbandwidth beyond the 20 MHz maximum available in Rel-8/9 and to enablemore efficient and productive use of fragmented spectrum. Up to fivecomponent carriers, not necessarily contiguous with one another, andeach of any permitted LTE system bandwidth can be aggregated for each ofdown-link and up-link, allowing a maximum total bandwidth of 100 MHz.

In accordance with carrier aggregation terminology a cell is called a‘primary cell’ or Primary cell or Pcell if it is a cell that isinitially configured during connection setup. It has a down-linkcomponent carrier and an up-link component carrier (a component carriercan be referred to as a ‘CoC’). A cell configured after connectionestablishment is termed a ‘secondary cell’ or Secondary cell or Scell.Since up to five component carriers can be aggregated according to 3GPPLTE Release 10 specifications, up to four Secondary cells can beconfigured. A Secondary cell need not have both a down-link and anup-link component carrier. The permitted combinations of down-link andup-link component carriers in Primary cell and Secondary cells arefocussed on having at least as many down-link components as up-linkcomponents (in which case, to every uplink there is a downlink), butother possibilities are permitted and increase in scope in laterReleases. The association between up-link component carriers anddown-link component carriers is signalled in SIB2 on each down-linkcomponent carrier. The eNodeB controls activation and de-activation ofSecondary cells by sending MAC messages to the UE, or a Secondary cellmay ‘time-out’ if no PDCCH is received before a related timer expires.

Physical Layer Control Channels

Each down-link component carrier has the normal LTE control channels:(E)PDCCH, PCFICH and PHICH. However, carrier aggregation introduces thepossibility of cross-carrier scheduling on PDCCH. In this case, thedownlink control information (DCI) message on PDCCH includes a carrierindicator field (CIF) of three bits which indicates which carrier thePDCCH message applies to. If there is no CIF, then the PDCCH applies tothe carrier on which it is received. Cross carrier scheduling ismotivated principally in a heterogeneous network (het-net) scenariowhere overlaid macro and small cells operate carrier aggregation in thesame band. Interference between macro and small cell PDCCH can bemitigated by arranging that the macro use CoC1 at high power to providecoverage, and CoC2 at low power to provide high rate to nearby UEs andavoid interfering with the small cell. The small cell uses bothcomponent carriers at low power to avoid interference to the macro.Control channel interference from macro to small cell on CoC1 means thatit is beneficial for the small cell to use PDCCH on CoC2 to schedule itsUEs on CoC1.

The control region may differ in size between component carriers, sothey can carry different PCFICH values. However, the potential hetnetinterference in the control region (see above example) may mean thatPCFICH cannot be decoded on a particular component carrier. Therefore,Rel-10 allows for each component carrier a semi-static indication ofwhich OFDM symbol PDSCH can be assumed to begin. If a shorter region isactually used, then the free OFDM symbols can be used for transmissionto UEs which are not being cross-scheduled since they will decode theactual PCFICH, and if a longer region is used, the eNodeB must toleratesome degradation in performance of the cross-scheduled UEs, but this isan operator choice.

PHICH is sent on the same down-link component carrier as sent the PDCCHcontaining the PUSCH which triggered PHICH. So one down-link componentcarrier may carry PHICH for more than one component carrier.

In the uplink, the basic operation of PUCCH is not altered. A new PUCCHformat 3 is introduced to support the sending of ACK/NACK for themultiple down-link component carriers, with some alterations to format1b to increase the number of ACK/NACK bits it can carry.

To allow good up-link channel sounding, SRS can be configured on anyserving cell. There are rules regarding the interaction of PUSCH, PUCCHand SRS across multiple cells to ensure priority of the varioustransmissions is achieved.

Initial Configurations

PSS and SSS are transmitted on all component carriers using the samephysical-layer cell identity (PCI), and component carriers are allsynchronised (they are from the same eNodeB). This is to allow cellsearch and discovery. Matters such as security and system information(SI) are handled by Primary cell. In particular, when activating anSecondary cell, the Primary cell delivers all the required SI for theSecondary cell to the UE via dedicated RRC signalling. If Secondary cellSI changes, the Secondary cell is released and re-added by Primary cellRRC signalling (in one RRC message). Primary cell changes due to, e.g.long-term fluctuations in channel quality across bandwidth are handledby an amended handover procedure. The source Primary cell passes all thecarrier aggregation information over to the target Primary cell and sothe HE can begin to use all the assigned component carriers as soon ashandover is complete.

Random Access always occurs on the up-link component carrier of Primarycell, except that the final stage of the contention resolution messagecan be cross carrier scheduled onto another serving cell.

FIG. 9 represents a formation of candidate channels within theU-resources and the logical aggregation of some of the candidatechannels into a nested carrier. As shown in FIG. 9, the eNodeB 501 firstidentifies which candidate channels 901 are suitable within theunlicensed band and then identifies a nested carriers which can becombined to form an aggregated nested carrier as shown in the shadedsection of the identified candidate channels in the frequency and timedeployment 902.

Logical Aggregation into Nested Carriers

Having received measurement information from the U-UE regardingcandidate channels, the eNodeB then determines how many and/or whichcandidate channels are suitable for allocation to the U-UE. The eNodeBsignals these candidate channels to the U-UE via RRC. However, ratherthan being treated as a set of individual carriers to be aggregated withthe Primary cell, the candidate channels together are logicallyaggregated into a single LTE carrier nested within the U-resources. This‘nested carrier’ is then treated as a Secondary cell in carrieraggregation with the LTE-A Primary cell, and is not treated by eNodeB orUE as a set of independent candidate channels any further. The normaloperation of CA applies between the LTE-A Primary cell and the LTE-Unested carrier Secondary cell. In particular, control signalling on(E)PDCCH can be on Primary cell and Secondary cell, or it could be onPrimary cell only with cross-carrier scheduling.

In one example, the candidate channels logically aggregated into thenested carrier need not be adjacent to one another. The logicalaggregation occurs at baseband for processing in the HE rather than atRF, and the actual carrier aggregation is between the nested carrier andPrimary cell as usual. In one example, the nested carrier consists ofonly one candidate channel and so a constraint that each candidatechannel be of a valid LTE system bandwidth is useful.

A nested carrier can be re-configured according to further measurementfeedback received from the U-UE. Thus, a candidate channel or candidatechannels may be removed from the nested carrier and/or other candidatechannels added to it, meaning that both the candidate channels and thebandwidth of the nested carrier can change over time. Typically, thecomposition of an nested carrier is expected to be semi-static, i.e.signalled by RRC and changing only slowly. The candidate channelscomprising an nested carrier are expected to usually be static for theduration of the validity of the measurement that was used to establishit. However, in general, the usual LTE resource allocation methods canbe used, including an indication of a hopping pattern among thecandidate channels which could be indicated from among a pre-defined setof such patterns or in detail on e.g. a sub-frame basis or radio framebasis or a general periodic or aperiodic basis. Such a method could beuseful in cases where no good measurements are available, but it maytend to disrupt the other wireless systems operating in the U-resourcesmore than a non-hopped configuration. The RRC configuration in the caseof non-hopped candidate channels might indicate precisely whichcandidate channels are to be used, for example using a combinatorialindex approach such as already known in CQI reporting in LTE, or itcould use a bitmap per candidate channel, or it could provide an indexinto a table of possible candidate channel combinations (which mightcontain less than all possibilities).

For the purpose of generality, note that, in principle, the nestedcarrier composition from candidate channels could alternatively besignalled dynamically on (E)PDCCH on the configuring cell.

In general, there could be more than one nested carrier Secondary cellconfigured for a U-UE if the U-resources are sufficient and of goodenough quality. These would operate in multiple-CA with the Primarycell.

SUMMARY

Using candidate channels and nested carriers allows LTE to be deployedin unlicensed bands where it would not currently be suitable to do sodue to the lack of a contiguous bandwidth of resources having suitableunlicensed interference characteristics. This is due to the highinterference levels that would be experienced in some parts of theunlicensed band from other wireless transmission and theircharacteristic of varying unpredictably over time and frequency. ThusLTE in fragmented bandwidth becomes possible by allowinghigher-throughput services to be offered than would be possible in anyor most of the unstructured unlicensed resources thanks to being able tosimultaneously (i) avoid heavy unlicensed interference and (ii)aggregate non-contiguous radio resources according to a more flexiblegranularity than is currently possible.

Candidate channels and nested carriers are a better solution thatextending resource allocations in Primary cell DCI messages to providee.g. bitmaps sized to address the entire U-resources. This wouldincrease (E)PDCCH load in Primary cell, or a cross-scheduling Secondarycell. However, resource allocations for the nested carrier can be sizedsemi-statically according to a currently-configured baseband bandwidthof the nested carrier, saving control resources and thus generallyimproving cell throughput.

Physical Control Channels

FIG. 10 provides an example in which the nested carrier is arranged toinclude not only communications resources allocated for the transmissionof data or reception of data but also the presence of a downlink controlchannel which may be a conventional PDCCH or an enhanced PDCCH (EPDCCH).Thus as shown in a timing-frequency block 1001 only the candidatechannels which have been logically aggregated to form a nested carrierto for the secondary cell are used for transmitting data. However, inthe example of the timing frequency block 1002 a section of theresources to the left of the block shown with a dark shading 1004 areused to form a PDCCH. However this is over a non-contiguous set offrequencies. In contrast a time and frequency block 1006 shows anexample in which the dark shading represents an PDCCH where thefrequency is divided into a section which extends over the entire subframe 1008.

As illustrated by the PDCCH example, the PDCCH is split across themultiple candidate channels, and not across the entire span of RFbandwidth. This operation is different to normal PDCCH operation, butcan be successful because the candidate channels are logicallyaggregated into the nested carrier at baseband by the UE. The EPDCCHexample shows multiple EPDCCH regions within the nested carrier. Thesecould contain distributed or localised EPDCCH(s), since a localisedEPDCCH is not necessarily in contiguous resources. Each ECCE is confinedto one PRB. It is not necessary that the EPDCCH-PRB-pairs which areindicated are each wholly within one candidate channel, as theaggregation into the nested carrier could produce an appropriatebandwidth of one PRB.

The candidate channel configurations for different UEs (see furtherbelow) may incorporate some of the same PRBs. This is resolved by theeNodeB scheduler as normal for PDSCH shared resource management. Theexistence of candidate channels and nested carriers does not represent asignificant increase in scheduler complexity at the eNodeB beyond thatfor ordinary carrier aggregation, because the U-resources can be treatedas the one continuous resource that they in fact are.

A further example is shown in FIG. 11 in which the downlink timefrequency resources of the primary cell is shown 1101 to include a PDCCH1102 as well as two PDSCH's allocated to two separate UE's 1104, 1106.In addition, different Secondary cells provided by different nestedcarriers formed from candidate channels in the Uresources are allocatedto UE one 1108, 1110 and the second UE two 1112, 1114, 1116.

Nested Carriers and Spatial Re-Use of Candidate Channels

FIG. 12 provides a further illustration in which different sections of acell can be allocated differently in dependence upon interferencepresent. Thus the presence of difference interference can result indifferent parts on the cell having different candidate channels atdifferent frequencies. Two time and frequency blocks 1201, 1202 areshown in which the candidate channels differ between these blocks fordifferent parts of the cell. Thus a group 1 represents candidatechannels in the time and frequency block of the unlicensed band in afirst part 1206 of the cell whereas the time and frequency resourceblock 1202 provide different candidate channels in a second part of thecell 1208. This arrangement is provided because interference conditionsin U-resources can change unpredictably over space, owing for example tointerference arriving at one edge of a cell that is not received byU-UEs operating at the opposite edge. Therefore, different U-UEs can ingeneral have their nested carriers comprised of different candidatechannels. However, all the U-UEs within the macrocell have aggregationwith the same Primary cell. Therefore, operation in U-resourcesaccording to the invention has the characteristic of:

-   -   A common Primary cell for all U-UEs; aggregated with    -   UE-specific nested carrier Secondary cells

Interference conditions in a sufficiently small geographical area G₁within the macro cell are sufficiently similar that the eNodeB maydecide to configure the same candidate channels to comprise severalU-UE's nested carriers within G₁. U-UEs in another small geographicalarea G₂, far from G₁, experience different conditions to G₁ but whichare sufficiently similar within G₂ that the eNodeB decides to configurecandidate channels common to U-UEs in G₂, but which are at least in partdifferent to those used in G₁. In this way, there can be spatial re-useof the U-resources within the macrocell. It also amounts to logicalre-use of nested carriers if the eNodeB configures the same candidatechannels for U-UEs within G₁ and G₂.

Broadcast and Multicast

In the case that multiple U-UEs share a common nested carrier, there isthe option to transfer some of the Primary cell's broadcast controlsignalling to the nested carrier Secondary cell. This would improvecoverage of the broadcast control transmissions from the eNodeB byreducing propagation distance to the U-UEs. This could be enabled via aPrimary cell RRC configuration indicating the U-UE can expect to receivecommon search-space (E)PDCCHs on Secondary cell, allowing the U-UEs tocheck for (E)PDCCH with CRC scrambled by the relevant RNTI(s). Therecould be the further advantage of allowing common EPDCCH to benefit fromFDM interference coordination between Primary cell and Secondary cell.

U-UEs would by implementation still have the option of trying also todecode the Primary cell broadcast control messages.

PMCH (i.e. eMBMS) could also be off-loaded to the nested carrierSecondary cell for groups of U-UEs with a common nested carrier. LikePDCCH, the frequency-split nature of this would be a departure fromcurrent PMCH operation—PMCH is wideband—but the logical aggregation atbaseband allows this work unchanged. Potentially, if all eMBMS UEs areU-UEs which can be arranged into groups, each group of U-UEs having acommon nested carrier within the group, then PMCH can be off-loaded percommon Secondary cell, and the Primary cell may have no need to transmitPMCH itself, improving Primary cell PDSCH resource capacity. Nestedcarrier operation thereby can provide a mixture between unicast,multicast and broadcast use of U-resources.

The present technique can provide an arrangement in which:

-   -   Arbitrary resources are aggregated into an LTE carrier—at        present a carrier is defined on whole bands of resource, and is        not dynamically created within a bandwidth from only a subset of        the bandwidth, following measurement and feedback.    -   At present, the Secondary cell and Primary cell would each be        common to all UEs operating under the same eNodeB. In the        invention, different UEs can have different Secondary cells.        Effectively, Secondary cells have become dedicated to a single        UE in the general form of the invention.    -   Since Secondary cells in the invention can be dedicated, common        (E)PDCCH can be sent via Secondary cell instead of Primary cell,        improving (E)PDCCH coverage.    -   PDCCH is at present in continuous bandwidth, but in the        invention is comprised from resources which are only logically        continuous and in RF terms are discontinuous.

Various further aspects and features of the present technique aredefined in the appended claims. The following numbered clauses providefurther example aspects:

1. A communications device for transmitting data to or receiving datafrom a mobile communications network, the mobile communications networkincluding infrastructure equipment, the infrastructure equipmentproviding a wireless access interface for transmitting signals to orreceiving signals from the communications device, the communicationsdevice comprising:

a transmitter configured to transmit the signals to the infrastructureequipment via the wireless access interface,

a receiver configured to receive the signals from the infrastructureequipment via the wireless access interface, and

a controller for controlling the transmitter and the receiver to receivedata transmitted to the communications device from the infrastructureequipment via the wireless access interface, the wireless accessinterface providing a primary carrier within a first frequency range,which forms a primary cell providing a contiguous set of communicationsresources across the first frequency range and providing one or morecontrol channels for transmitting signaling message to thecommunications device or receiving signaling messages from theinfrastructure equipment, wherein the controller is configured incombination with the receiver and transmitter

to receive from the infrastructure equipment a signaling messageidentifying a nested carrier comprising one or more candidate channelsselected from a predefined plurality of candidate channels within asecond frequency range which is different to and mutually exclusive fromthe first frequency range, each of the one or more selected candidatechannels representing a minimum unit of communications resource whichcan be used to transmit data via the up-link or to receive data on thedownlink, the one or more selected candidate channels in the secondfrequency range being formed by the infrastructure equipment into thenested carrier for providing a secondary cell, and the signaling messagebeing transmitted from the infrastructure equipment via the controlchannel of the first frequency range, and

to receive from the infrastructure equipment at least a part of the dataor to transmit to the infrastructure equipment at least a part of thedata within the nested carrier.

2. A communications device according to clause 1, wherein the controlleris configured in combination with the receiver

to determine an amount of interference present at frequencies within thesecond frequency range, and to control the transmitter to transmit anindication of the determined interference signals present in the secondfrequency range to the infrastructure equipment, the infrastructureequipment being configured in response to receipt of the indication ofthe determined interference signals to select the one or more candidatechannels from the predefined plurality of candidate channels in thesecond frequency range depending on the determined interference signalspresent in the second frequency range, the one or more selectedcandidate carriers being arranged by the infrastructure equipment toform the nested carrier in the second frequency range.

3. A communications device according to clause 1 or 2, wherein thecontroller is configured in combination with the receiver

to receive signals representing the data transmitted by theinfrastructure equipment from the communications resources provided fromthe nested carrier of the second frequency range and the communicationsresources of the first frequency range.

4. A communications device according to clause 1, 2 or 3, wherein one ormore selected candidate channels of the nested carrier are not adjacentwithin the second frequency range.

5. A communications device according to any of clauses 1 to 4, whereinthe controller is configured in combination with the receiver

to receive a second signaling message from the control channel of thefirst frequency range, the second signaling message providing anindication of a change in the one or more candidate channels which havebeen selected from the predefined plurality of candidate channels whichform the nested carrier within the second frequency range and providingan indication of a change to the candidate channels forming the nestedcarrier, and

to receive the signals representing the data from the nested carriercomprising the newly selected one or more candidate channels.

6. A communications device according to any preceding clause, whereinthe infrastructure equipment is configured to adapt the nested carrierto include a control channel and a shared channel providing sharedcommunications resources for allocation to the communications device fortransmitting signals to or receiving signals from the infrastructureequipment, and the controller in combination with the receiver isconfigured

to receive a third signaling message providing an allocation ofcommunications resources to the communications device within the sharedchannel.

7. A communications device according to any preceding clause, whereinthe controller is configured in combination with the transmitter

to transmit the data via the wireless access interface using the firstfrequency range of the primary cell and using the nested carrier of thesecond frequency range forming the secondary cell, or

to receive the data via the wireless access interface from the firstfrequency range of the primary cell and from the nested carrier of thesecond frequency range forming the secondary cell.

8. A communications device according to any preceding clause, whereinthe minimum resource allocation of the candidate channel comprises asegment of communications resource comprising one sub-carrier.

9. A communications device according to any preceding clause, whereinthe minimum resource allocation of the candidate channel comprises asegment of communications resource comprising in frequency at least onephysical resource block (PRB) of a wireless access interface operatingin accordance with a Long Term Evolution standard.

10. A communications device according to clause 9, wherein the minimumresource allocation of the candidate channel comprises in frequency asegment of communications resource of six physical resource blocks of awireless access interface operating in accordance with a Long TermEvolution standard.

11. A communications device according to any preceding clause, whereinthe minimum resource allocation of the candidate channel comprises asegment of communications resource comprising twelve OrthogonalFrequency Division Multiplexing sub-carriers.

12. A communications device according to clause 7, wherein eachcandidate channel is of a baseband bandwidth suitable for use as acarrier of a wireless access interface operating in accordance with aLong Term Evolution standard.

13. A method of transmitting data to a mobile communications networkfrom a communications device or receiving data from a mobilecommunications network at a communications device, the mobilecommunications network including an infrastructure equipment, the methodcomprising

transmitting signals representing the data from the communicationsdevice to the infrastructure equipment via a wireless access interfaceprovided by the infrastructure equipment,

receiving signals representing the data at the communications devicefrom the infrastructure equipment via the wireless access interface, and

controlling the transmitting or the receiving the signals to transmitthe data to the mobile communications network or to receive data fromthe mobile communications network via the wireless access interface, thewireless access interface providing a primary carrier within a firstfrequency range, which forms a primary cell providing a contiguous setof communications resources across the first frequency range andproviding one or more control channels for transmitting signalingmessage to the communications device or receiving signaling messagesfrom the infrastructure equipment, wherein the controlling thetransmitting the signals or receiving the signals comprises

receiving from the infrastructure equipment a signaling messageidentifying a nested carrier comprising one or more candidate channelsselected from a predefined plurality of candidate channels within asecond frequency range which is different to and mutually exclusive fromthe first frequency range, each of the one or more selected candidatechannels representing a minimum unit of communications resource whichcan be used to transmit data via the up-link or to receive data on thedownlink, the one or more selected candidate channels in the secondfrequency range being formed by the infrastructure equipment into thenested carrier for providing a secondary cell, and the signaling messagebeing transmitted from the infrastructure equipment via the controlchannel of the first frequency range, and

receiving from the infrastructure equipment at least a part of the datafrom the nested carrier, or

transmitting to the infrastructure equipment at least a part of the datawithin the nested carrier.

14. An infrastructure equipment forming part of a mobile communicationsnetwork for transmitting data to or receiving data from communicationsdevices, the infrastructure equipment comprising

a transmitter configured to transmit the signals to communicationsdevices via a wireless access interface,

a receiver configured to receive the signals from the communicationsdevices via the wireless access interface, and

a controller for controlling the transmitter and the receiver to formthe wireless access interface for transmitting to the communicationsdevices and receiving the data from the communications devices, thewireless access interface providing a first primary carrier within afirst frequency range, which forms a primary cell providing a contiguousset of communications resources across the first frequency range andproviding one or more control channels for transmitting signalingmessage to the communications device, wherein the controller isconfigured in combination with the receiver and transmitter

to transmit to one or more of the communications devices a signalingmessage identifying a nested carrier comprising one or more candidatechannels selected from a predefined plurality of candidate channelswithin a second frequency range which is different to and mutuallyexclusive from the first frequency range, each of the one or moreselected candidate channels representing a minimum unit ofcommunications resource which can be used to transmit data via theup-link or to receive data on the downlink, the signaling message beingtransmitted from the network element via the control channel of thefirst frequency range,

to receive from the communications device at least a part of the datafrom the nested carrier, or

to transmit to the communications device at least a part of the datawithin the nested carrier.

15. An infrastructure equipment according to clause 14, wherein thecontroller is configured in combination with the transmitter and thereceiver

to receive from one or more communications devices an indication of arelative level of interfering signals being transmitted at frequenciesin the second frequency range,

to select the one or more candidate channels from the predefinedplurality of candidate channels in the second frequency range dependingon the determined interference signals present in the second frequencyrange, and

to form the one or more selected candidate channels into a nestedcarrier for providing the secondary cell, the nested carrier providing alogical grouping of communications resource for allocation to the one ormore communications devices.

16. An infrastructure equipment according to clause 15, wherein thecontroller is configured in combination with the transmitter and thereceiver

to determine from the one or more communications devices an indicationof a relative location of the communications devices from which theindication of the relative interfering signals was received,

to combine the indication of the relative interfering signals from eachof the communications devices with the relative location of thecommunications devices,

to identify a relative location of the interfering signal within ageographical coverage area provided by the infrastructure equipment,

to form the nested carrier as a first nested carrier and a second nestedcarrier with a different configuration of one or more candidate channelsfrom the first nested carrier depending on the relative location of theinterfering signals,

to transmit to a first of the one or more communications devices a firstversion of the signaling message providing a first set of one or more ofthe candidate carriers selected from the predefined plurality ofcandidate channels for the first nested carrier, and

to transmit to a second of the one or more communications devices asecond version of the signaling message providing a second set of one ormore of the candidate carriers selected from the predefined plurality ofcandidate channels for the second nested carrier, wherein the firstcommunications device is located in a different area to the secondcommunications device, the first set of the one or more selectedcandidate carriers being matched to a first set of interfering signalsin a first area in which the first communications device is located andthe second set of the one or more selected candidate carriers beingmatched to a second set of interfering signals in a second area in whichthe second communications device is located.

17. An infrastructure equipment according to clause 14 or 15, whereinthe controller is configured in combination with the transmitter and thereceiver

to receive at predetermined times from the one or more communicationsdevices the indication of the relative level of interfering signalsbeing transmitted at each of the different frequencies in the secondfrequency range,

to select the one or more candidate channels from the predefinedplurality of candidate channels in the second frequency range dependingon the frequency within the second frequency range at which theinterfering signals are being transmitted,

to form the nested carrier from the one or more selected candidatechannels for providing the secondary cell, and

to transmit a further version of the signaling message to the one ormore communications devices providing an up-dated indication of the oneor more selected candidate channels of the nested carrier.

18. An infrastructure equipment according to clause 17, wherein thecontroller is configured in combination with the transmitter and thereceiver

to determine whether the one or more selected candidate channels haschanged with respect to the one or more selected candidate channels ofthe nested carrier which has been identified by the signaling messagetransmitted to the one or more communications devices, and

if the one or more selected candidate channels of the nested carrier haschanged, to transmit the further version of the signaling message to theone or more communications devices providing the up-dated indication ofthe identified one or more selected candidate channels of the nestedcarrier.

19. An infrastructure equipment according to any of clauses 15 to 18,wherein the controller is configured in combination with the transmitterand the receiver

to receive from one or more communications devices the indication of therelative level of interfering signals being transmitted at frequenciesin the second frequency range with an indication of the relative time oftransmission of the interfering signals,

to select the one or more candidate channels from the predefinedplurality of candidate channels in the second frequency range dependingon the frequency within the second frequency range at which theinterfering signals are being transmitted and a time of transmission ofthe interfering signals, and

to form the nested carrier from the one or more selected candidatechannels for providing the secondary cell, with respect to theinterfering signals and the time of transmission of the interferingsignals.

20. An infrastructure equipment according to any of clauses 15 to 18,wherein one or more selected candidate channels of the nested carrierare not adjacent within the second frequency range.

21. An infrastructure equipment according to any clauses 15 to 20,wherein the controller is configured in combination with the transmitterand the receiver

to adapt the nested carrier to include a control channel and a sharedchannel providing shared communications resources for allocation to thecommunications device for transmitting signals to or receiving signalsfrom the infrastructure equipment, and

to transmit a second signaling message providing an allocation ofcommunications resources to the communications device within the sharedchannel.

22. An infrastructure equipment according to any of clauses 15 to 21,wherein the controller is configured in combination with the transmitterand the receiver

to transmit the data via the wireless access interface using the firstfrequency range of the primary cell and using the nested carrier of thesecond frequency range forming the secondary cell, or

to receive the data via the wireless access interface from the firstfrequency range of the primary cell and from the nested carrier of thesecond frequency range forming the secondary cell.

23. An infrastructure equipment according to any of clauses 15 to 22,wherein the minimum resource allocation of the candidate channelcomprises a segment of communications resource comprising onesub-carrier.

24. An infrastructure equipment according to any of clauses 15 to 22,wherein the minimum resource allocation of the candidate channelcomprises a segment of communications resource comprising in frequencyat least one physical resource block (PRB) of a wireless accessinterface operating in accordance with a Long Term Evolution standard.

25. An infrastructure equipment according to any of clauses 15 to 22,wherein the minimum resource allocation of the candidate channelcomprises in frequency a segment of communications resource of sixphysical resource blocks of a wireless access interface operating inaccordance with a Long Term Evolution standard.

26. An infrastructure equipment according to any of clauses 15 to 22,wherein the minimum resource allocation of the candidate channelcomprises a segment of communications resource comprising twelveOrthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing sub-carriers.

27. An infrastructure equipment according to any of clauses 15 to 22,wherein each candidate channel is of a baseband bandwidth suitable foruse as a carrier of a wireless access interface operating in accordancewith a Long Term Evolution standard.

28. A method of transmitting data to or receiving data fromcommunications devices, the method comprising

transmitting the signals to communications devices via a wireless accessinterface,

receiving the signals from the communications devices via the wirelessaccess interface, and

controlling the transmitter and the receiver to form the wireless accessinterface for transmitting to the communications devices and receivingthe data from the communications devices, the wireless access interfaceproviding a first primary carrier within a first frequency range, whichforms a primary cell providing a contiguous set of communicationsresources across the first frequency range and providing one or morecontrol channels for transmitting signaling message to thecommunications device, wherein the controlling the transmitting and thereceiving comprises

transmitting to one or more of the communications devices a signalingmessage identifying a nested carrier comprising one or more candidatechannels selected from a predefined plurality of candidate channelswithin a second frequency range which is different to and mutuallyexclusive from the first frequency range, each of the one or moreselected candidate channels representing a minimum unit ofcommunications resource which can be used to transmit data via theup-link or to receive data on the downlink, the signaling message beingtransmitted from the network element via the control channel of thefirst frequency range,

receiving from the communications device at least a part of the datafrom the nested carrier, or

transmitting to the communications device at least a part of the datawithin the nested carrier.

1. A communications device for transmitting data to or receiving datafrom a mobile communications network providing a wireless accessinterface for transmitting signals to or receiving signals from thecommunications device, the communications device comprising: atransmitter configured to transmit the signals to the mobilecommunications network via the wireless access interface, a receiverconfigured to receive the signals from the mobile communications networkvia the wireless access interface, and a controller for controlling thetransmitter and the receiver to receive data transmitted to thecommunications device from the mobile communications network via thewireless access interface, the wireless access interface providing aprimary carrier within a first frequency range, which forms a primarycell providing a contiguous set of communications resources across thefirst frequency range and providing one or more control channels fortransmitting signaling message to the communications device or receivingsignaling messages from the mobile communications network, wherein thecontroller is configured in combination with the receiver andtransmitter to receive from the mobile communications network asignaling message identifying a nested carrier comprising one or morecandidate channels selected from a predefined plurality of candidatechannels within a second frequency range which is different to andmutually exclusive from the first frequency range, each of the one ormore selected candidate channels representing a minimum unit ofcommunications resource which can be used to transmit data via theup-link or to receive data on the downlink, the one or more selectedcandidate channels in the second frequency range being formed into thenested carrier for providing a secondary cell, and the signaling messagebeing transmitted from the mobile communications network via the controlchannel of the first frequency range, and to receive from the mobilecommunications network at least a part of the data or to transmit to themobile communications network at least a part of the data within thenested carrier.
 2. The communications device according to claim 1,wherein the controller is configured in combination with the receiver todetermine an amount of interference present at frequencies within thesecond frequency range, and to control the transmitter to transmit anindication of the determined interference signals present in the secondfrequency range to the mobile communications network, the mobilecommunications network being configured in response to receipt of theindication of the determined interference signals to select the one ormore candidate channels from the predefined plurality of candidatechannels in the second frequency range depending on the determinedinterference signals present in the second frequency range, the one ormore selected candidate carriers being arranged to form the nestedcarrier in the second frequency range.
 3. The communications deviceaccording to claim 1, wherein the controller is configured incombination with the receiver to receive signals representing the datatransmitted by the mobile communications network from the communicationsresources provided from the nested carrier of the second frequency rangeand the communications resources of the first frequency range.
 4. Thecommunications device according to claim 1, wherein one or more selectedcandidate channels of the nested carrier are not adjacent within thesecond frequency range.
 5. The communications device according to claim1, wherein the controller is configured in combination with the receiverto receive a second signaling message from the control channel of thefirst frequency range, the second signaling message providing anindication of a change in the one or more candidate channels which havebeen selected from the predefined plurality of candidate channels whichform the nested carrier within the second frequency range and providingan indication of a change to the candidate channels forming the nestedcarrier, and to receive the signals representing the data from thenested carrier comprising the newly selected one or more candidatechannels.
 6. The communications device according to claim 1, wherein thenested carrier includes a control channel and a shared channel providingshared communications resources for allocation to the communicationsdevice for transmitting signals to or receiving signals from the mobilecommunications network, and the controller in combination with thereceiver is configured to receive a third signaling message providing anallocation of communications resources to the communications devicewithin the shared channel.
 7. The communications device according toclaim 1, wherein the controller is configured in combination with thetransmitter to transmit the data via the wireless access interface usingthe first frequency range of the primary cell and using the nestedcarrier of the second frequency range forming the secondary cell, or toreceive the data via the wireless access interface from the firstfrequency range of the primary cell and from the nested carrier of thesecond frequency range forming the secondary cell.
 8. The communicationsdevice according to claim 1, wherein the minimum resource allocation ofthe candidate channel comprises a segment of communications resourcecomprising one sub-carrier.
 9. The communications device according toclaim 1, wherein the minimum resource allocation of the candidatechannel comprises a segment of communications resource comprising infrequency at least one physical resource block (PRB) of a wirelessaccess interface operating in accordance with a Long Term Evolutionstandard.
 10. The communications device according to claim 9, whereinthe minimum resource allocation of the candidate channel comprises infrequency a segment of communications resource of six physical resourceblocks of a wireless access interface operating in accordance with aLong Term Evolution standard.
 11. The communications device according toclaim 1, wherein the minimum resource allocation of the candidatechannel comprises a segment of communications resource comprising twelveOrthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing sub-carriers.
 12. Thecommunications device according to claim 7, wherein each candidatechannel is of a baseband bandwidth suitable for use as a carrier of awireless access interface operating in accordance with a Long TermEvolution standard.
 13. A communications device for transmitting data toor receiving data from a mobile communications network providing awireless access interface for transmitting signals to or receivingsignals from the communications device, the communications devicecomprising: circuitry configured to transmit the signals to the mobilecommunications network via the wireless access interface; receive thesignals from the mobile communications network via the wireless accessinterface; receive data transmitted to the communications device fromthe mobile communications network via the wireless access interface, thewireless access interface providing a primary carrier within a firstfrequency range, which forms a primary cell providing a contiguous setof communications resources across the first frequency range andproviding one or more control channels for transmitting signalingmessage to the communications device or receiving signaling messagesfrom the mobile communications network; receive from the mobilecommunications network a signaling message identifying a nested carriercomprising one or more candidate channels selected from a predefinedplurality of candidate channels within a second frequency range which isdifferent to and mutually exclusive from the first frequency range, eachof the one or more selected candidate channels representing a minimumunit of communications resource which can be used to transmit data viathe up-link or to receive data on the downlink, the one or more selectedcandidate channels in the second frequency range being formed into thenested carrier for providing a secondary cell, and the signaling messagebeing transmitted from the mobile communications network via the controlchannel of the first frequency range; and receive from the mobilecommunications network at least a part of the data or to transmit to themobile communications network at least a part of the data within thenested carrier.